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Fusarium Laboratory Manual
John Leslie and Brett Summerell
Blackwell
May 2006
Paperback 400 pp., 80 illus. ISBN 9780813819198
£75.00
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For the first time in over 20 years, a comprehensive collection of photographs and descriptions
of species in the fungal genus Fusarium is available. This laboratory manual provides an overview of the
biology of Fusarium and the techniques involved in the isolation, identification and characterization of
individual species and the populations in which they occur. It is the first time that genetic, morphological and
molecular approaches have been incorporated into a volume devoted to Fusarium identification. The authors
include descriptions of species, both new and old, and provide protocols for genetic, morphological and
molecular identification techniques.
The Fusarium Laboratory Manual also includes some of the evolutionary biology and population
genetics thinking that has begun to inform the understanding of agriculturally important fungal pathogens.
In addition to practical "how-to" protocols it also provides guidance in formulating questions and obtaining
answers about this very important group of fungi. The need for as many different techniques as possible to be
used in the identification and characterization process has never been greater. These approaches have
applications to fungi other than those in the genus Fusarium. This volume presents an introduction to the
genus Fusarium, the toxins these fungi produce and the diseases they can cause.
Contents
Foreword
Preface
1. Introduction
Techniques and Methods
2. Media - Recipes and Preparation
2.1 Media for Growing and Identifying Fusarium
2.2 Supplementary Identification Media
2.3 Media for Isolating Fusarium
2.4 Media for the Preparation of Natural Inocula
2.5 Synthetic and Semi-synthetic Media
2.6 Media for Sexual Crosses
2.7 Sterilization of Media and Materials
3. Techniques for Recovering Fusarium
3.1 Collecting strategy(ies)
3.2 Isolation Techniques - Plants
3.3 Isolation Techniques - Soil
3.4 Isolation Techniques - Spore Trapping and Air Sampling
3.5 Seed Disinfestation
4. Techniques for Growing and Maintaining Fusarium
4.1 Vegetative Propagation
4.2 Preparing Cultures for Identification
4.3 Single Spore Subcultures
4.4 Mutagenesis
4.5 Culture Preservation
5. Vegetative Compatibility Groups (VCGs)
5.1 History of and Genetic Basis Underlying Vegetative Compatibility
5.2 Overall Strategy for Determining if Strains are Vegetatively Compatible
5.3 Recovering and Identifying nit Mutants
5.4 Typical Pairing Protocols
5.5 Common Trouble Spots - HSI, crn, and NitMs
5.6 Characterizing a Population with VCGs
6. Fertility Concepts
6.1 Heterothallic, Homothallic and Pseudohomothallic
6.2 Mating Type
6.3 Population Effects of Mating Type
6.4 Male, Female and Hermaphrodite
6.5 Crossing Protocols
6.6 Developing Female-Fertile Tester Strains
6.7 Species Identification Through Sexual Crosses
7. Nucleic Acid Analyses
7.1 DNA Extraction and Purification
7.2 PCR - Mating-Type Alleles
7.3 Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AFLPs)
7.4 Sequence Analysis and Sequenced Loci
7.5 Genetic Maps
Taxonomy and Identification of Fusarium
8. A Brief History of Fusarium Taxonomy
9. Species Concepts in Fusarium
9.1 Generic Problems in Speciation in Fusarium
9.2 Morphological Species Concepts
9.3 Biological Species Concepts
9.4 Phylogenetic Species Concepts
9.5 How Many Strains Make a Species?
9.6 Species Names
9.7 Subspecific Terminology
9.8 A Species Concept for Fusarium
10. Teleomorphs of Fusarium
10.1 Taxonomy of Teleomorphs
10.2 General Teleomorph Characters
10.3 Sexual Development and Differentiation
10.4 Spore Killer
10.5 Anamorph-Teleomorph Connections
11. Practical Approaches to Identification
11.1 Overall Identification Strategy
11.2 The Diseased Plant and Its Geographic Origin
11.3 Native and Agricultural Populations
11.4 Culture Preparation
11.5 The Essence of Morphological Identifications
11.6 Beyond Morphology - Sexual Cross Fertility
11.7 Beyond Morphology - Molecular Diagnostics
11.8 The Special Case of Fusarium oxysporum
11.9 Differences Between Temperate and Tropical Regions
11.10 Conclusions
Species Descriptions
12. Morphological Characters
12.1 Macroconidia
12.2 Microconidia
12.3 Chlamydospores
12.4 Other Characters
12.5 Secondary Characters
13. Species Descriptions
F. acuminatum -
F. acutatum -
F. andiyazi -
F. anthophilum -
F. armeniacum -
F. avenaceum -
F. aywerte -
F. babinda -
F. begoniae -
F. beomiforme -
F. brevicatenulatum -
F. bulbicola -
F. camptoceras -
F. chlamydosporum -
F. circinatum -
F. compactum -
F. concentricum -
F. crookwellense (F. cerealis) -
F. culmorum -
F. decemcellulare -
F. denticulatum -
F. dimerum -
F. dlamini -
F. equiseti -
F. foetens -
F. fujikuroi -
F. globosum -
F. graminearum -
F. guttiforme -
F. heterosporum -
F. hostae -
F. konzum -
F. lactis -
F. lateritium -
F. longipes -
F. mangiferae
F. merismoides -
F. miscanthi -
F. musarum -
F. napiforme -
F. nelsonii -
F. nisikadoi -
F. nurragi -
F. nygamai -
F. oxysporum -
F. phyllophilum -
F. poae -
F. polyphialidicum -
F. proliferatum -
F. pseudoanthophilum -
F. pseudocircinatum -
F. pseudograminearum -
F. pseudonygamai -
F. ramigenum -
F. redolens -
F. sacchari -
F. sambucinum -
F. scirpi -
F. semitectum (F. incarnatum) -
F. solani -
F. sporotrichioides -
F. sterilihyphosum -
F. subglutinans -
F. succisae -
F. thapsinum -
F. torulosum -
F. tricinctum -
F. udum -
F. venenatum -
F. verticillioides
References
Index
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